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Outline your book using storytelling's famous monomyth for transformation. Best for stories rich in mentor figures, thresholds, and symbolic death and rebirth.
Created by Reedsy
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New ordinary world...
Write a description here...
Stage
Ex. 1
Setting(s)
Ex. @Location
Character(s)
Ex. @Character
Before the adventure, we must know the status quo. The Ordinary World reveals your hero's familiar, mundane life — and everything they'll be leaving behind. Sketch this stage here, or walk through the workshop below for a guided path.
E.g., Rocky Balboa is a mediocre boxer and loan collector — just doing his best to live day to day in a poor part of Philadelphia.
What is the Ordinary World?
Write a page of your protagonist's diary from the day before everything changes to establish the status quo.
Who is your protagonist at the start of your story?
Describe them as a stranger would see them, then describe them as they see themselves.
What is quietly wrong with your protagonist's Ordinary World?
Think obstacles, stakes, and desires — particularly what your protagonist wants (or thinks they want).
What is quietly right with your protagonist's Ordinary World?
What does your protagonist stand to lose by leaving it behind?
What has to change for your protagonist to be someone else by the end?
How?
New call to adventure...
Write a description here...
Stage
Ex. 2
Setting(s)
Ex. @Location
Character(s)
Ex. @Character
The Call to Adventure arrives to boot your hero out of their comfort zone: a problem or challenge arrives that they can't ignore. Sketch this stage here, or walk through the workshop below for a guided path.
E.g., Heavyweight champ Apollo Creed decides to make a big fight interesting by giving a no-name loser a chance to challenge him. That loser: Rocky Balboa.
What is the Call to Adventure?
Describe it in one sentence.
What is your protagonist's immediate reaction to the Call?
Compare and contrast multiple timeframes: after 5 minutes, 1 hour, 1 day, and 1 week.
What are the stakes now?
Write the worst-case scenario if your protagonist answers the Call, and if they don't.
What does the Call make possible that wasn't possible before?
And what does the Call make impossible that was possible before?
Has this beat moved your protagonist further from who they were at the start of the journey?
How? What have they left behind?
Has this beat brought your protagonist closer to who they need to become to end the journey?
How? What are they learning?
New refusal of the call...
Write a description here...
Stage
Ex. 3
Setting(s)
Ex. @Location
Character(s)
Ex. @Character
Summons received — so we're off to defeat evil, right? Not so fast: the hero tends to refuse the Call first. Sketch this stage here, or walk through the workshop below for a guided path.
E.g., Rocky says, “Thanks, but no thanks,” given that he has no trainer and is incredibly out of shape.
How does the Refusal of the Call take place?
Is the Refusal active (your protagonist says no) or passive (they delay, deflect, ignore)? What does that tell you?
Who or what is on the other side of the Refusal?
What external or internal pressure is pushing against it?
Why does your protagonist refuse the Call?
Write your protagonist's internal monologue at the moment of refusing.
How does the Refusal change the stakes?
What does your protagonist stand to lose now?
Has this beat moved your protagonist further from who they were at the start of the journey?
How? What have they left behind?
Has this beat brought your protagonist closer to who they need to become to end the journey?
How? What are they learning?
New meeting the mentor...
Write a description here...
Stage
Ex. 4
Setting(s)
Ex. @Location
Character(s)
Ex. @Character
Your hero has decided to go, but they're too green to survive the leap alone. A Mentor has to give them just enough wisdom, training, or cryptic advice to turn the belly-flop into a dive. Sketch this stage here, or walk through the workshop below for a guided path.
E.g., In steps former boxer Mickey “Mighty Mick” Goldmill, who sees potential in Rocky and starts training him physically and mentally for the fight.
Who is the Mentor?
Describe them as your protagonist would describe them to a stranger.
What does each party bring to the table?
Think about what each needs as well as what they offer.
How does the Mentor change the protagonist's relationship to the Call?
Write your protagonist's internal monologue about the Call before the Mentor arrives, and again after.
What are the terms and conditions for the aid?
Is there a price? And is there any risk in following the Mentor's advice?
Has this beat moved your protagonist further from who they were at the start of the journey?
How? What have they left behind?
Has this beat brought your protagonist closer to who they need to become to end the journey?
How? What are they learning?
New crossing the first threshold...
Write a description here...
Stage
Ex. 5
Setting(s)
Ex. @Location
Character(s)
Ex. @Character
Now the hero is ready and committed. Crossing the First Threshold ends the Departure: as Vogler writes, "This is the moment that the balloon goes up, the ship sails, the romance begins, the wagon gets rolling." Sketch this stage here, or walk through the workshop below for a guided path.
E.g., Rocky crosses the threshold of no return when he accepts the fight on live TV, and 一 in parallel 一 when he crosses the threshold into Adrian's house and asks her out on a date.
What is the Threshold?
Consider whether the Threshold is a physical place, a conversation, etc.
How does your protagonist cross it?
And what are they crossing towards?
How does the central conflict change?
Consider the ways in which it escalates or expands.
How is your protagonist doing mentally?
Perform a mental health check-in for your protagonist at this exact moment. Bonus: write it as a doctor's note.
Has this beat moved your protagonist further from who they were at the start of the journey?
How? What have they left behind?
Has this beat brought your protagonist closer to who they need to become to end the journey?
How? What are they learning?
New tests, allies, and enemies...
Write a description here...
Stage
Ex. 6
Setting(s)
Ex. @Location
Character(s)
Ex. @Character
Welcome to the Special World, where your discombobulated hero learns the new rules the hard way through trials, friendships, and rivalries. This is often one of the longest stages of the story. Sketch this stage here, or walk through the workshop below for a guided path.
E.g., Rocky pushes through Mickey's punishing training — the roadwork, the sparring, the frozen meat — while falling for Adrian and keeping Paulie, her volatile brother, at arm's length.
What are the tests?
Write a survival guide for your protagonist's Special World. What does a newcomer need to know to survive it?
Who are the allies?
Consider their impact on the protagonist's journey.
Who are the enemies?
Consider what they represent, what they want, and what they reveal about the stakes of the journey.
How does your protagonist change in response to the Special World?
Write three short snapshots of your protagonist: who they are at the start of this stage, who they are in the middle, and who they are by the end.
Has this beat moved your protagonist further from who they were at the start of the journey?
How? What have they left behind?
Has this beat brought your protagonist closer to who they need to become to end the journey?
How? What are they learning?
New approach to the inmost cave...
Write a description here...
Stage
Ex. 7
Setting(s)
Ex. @Location
Character(s)
Ex. @Character
The Approach to the Inmost Cave covers the final preparations — and the mounting dread — before your hero faces the thing they fear most. Sketch this stage here, or walk through the workshop below for a guided path.
E.g., The Inmost Cave is Rocky’s own mind. He fears that he’ll never amount to anything — something that he reveals when he butts heads with his trainer, Mickey, in his apartment.
What is inside the Inmost Cave?
Think about what your protagonist is most afraid to face.
How does the Approach play out?
And what does it reveal about your protagonist?
What is the external conflict surrounding the Approach?
Who is involved, what takes place, and how does your protagonist respond?
What is the internal conflict surrounding the Approach?
Write your protagonist's worst-case scenario for what the cave contains. Then write what it actually contains.
Has this beat moved your protagonist further from who they were at the start of the journey?
How? What have they left behind?
Has this beat brought your protagonist closer to who they need to become to end the journey?
How? What are they learning?
New ordeal...
Write a description here...
Stage
Ex. 8
Setting(s)
Ex. @Location
Character(s)
Ex. @Character
It's time for the Ordeal, or the trial the whole journey has been building towards. It's also your hero's rock bottom. Vogler calls it the "black moment"; Campbell, the "belly of the whale." The worst is over — or is it? Sketch this stage here, or walk through the workshop below for a guided path.
E.g., The fight begins. Rocky is beaten down, but keeps getting up.
What is the Ordeal?
And what makes this the point of no return?
How does your protagonist face it?
Who do they need to become to do so?
What is at stake?
Think practical, emotional, relational, thematic, etc.
How does it connect to your story's theme?
Write the thematic argument of your story in one sentence, then explain whether the Ordeal proves or tests that argument.
Has this beat moved your protagonist further from who they were at the start of the journey?
How? What have they left behind?
Has this beat brought your protagonist closer to who they need to become to end the journey?
How? What are they learning?
New reward (seizing the sword)...
Write a description here...
Stage
Ex. 9
Setting(s)
Ex. @Location
Character(s)
Ex. @Character
The fruits of your hero's labor are at hand, if they can just reach out and grab them. The Reward is the object or knowledge they've fought the entire journey to hold. Sketch this stage here, or walk through the workshop below for a guided path.
E.g., Rocky manages to knock Apollo down — the first man ever to do so. He hasn't won, but he's proven he belongs here.
What is the Reward?
And what does it reinforce about the protagonist’s purpose or goal?
How is it claimed?
What does your protagonist need to go through to claim it?
What does it cost?
Write two lists: everything your protagonist gained from the Ordeal, and everything they lost.
What does it make possible?
And what does it make inevitable?
Has this beat moved your protagonist further from who they were at the start of the journey?
How? What have they left behind?
Has this beat brought your protagonist closer to who they need to become to end the journey?
How? What are they learning?
New road back...
Write a description here...
Stage
Ex. 10
Setting(s)
Ex. @Location
Character(s)
Ex. @Character
The Road Back begins the Return: prize in hand, your hero turns for home, though fresh dangers (inconveniently) rise to meet them. Sketch this stage here, or walk through the workshop below for a guided path.
E.g., Rocky makes it to the final rounds, battered but still refusing to stay down.
What is the Road Back?
What makes it distinct from the journey into the Special World?
Who is your protagonist becoming?
What does your protagonist now understand that they didn't before?
What is your protagonist returning to?
Or who are they returning to?
What is still at risk?
And what would it mean to fail now?
Has this beat moved your protagonist further from who they were at the start of the journey?
How? What have they left behind?
Has this beat brought your protagonist closer to who they need to become to end the journey?
How? What are they learning?
New resurrection...
Write a description here...
Stage
Ex. 11
Setting(s)
Ex. @Location
Character(s)
Ex. @Character
The Resurrection is the true climax of the story: a “final exam,” as Vogler calls it, where the hero is tested once more to prove the lessons of the Ordeal took hold. Sketch this stage here, or walk through the workshop below for a guided path.
E.g., The final bell rings. Rocky, bloodied and standing, has transformed.
What is the Resurrection?
And what makes it a distillation of everything the journey has asked of your protagonist?
How does the protagonist "die"?
How are they reborn?
How is the central conflict resolved?
What external conflict might make victory seem impossible? What internal conflict complicates their ability to win?
How does the Resurrection connect to your story's theme?
Does it confirm, challenge, or expand it?
Has this beat moved your protagonist further from who they were at the start of the journey?
How? What have they left behind?
Has this beat brought your protagonist closer to who they need to become to end the journey?
How? What are they learning?
New return with the elixir...
Write a description here...
Stage
Ex. 12
Setting(s)
Ex. @Location
Character(s)
Ex. @Character
Home at last, and bearing the Elixir: the prize won on the journey, whether that's an object, knowledge, or insight! Sketch this stage here, or walk through the workshop below for a guided path.
E.g., Rocky calls for Adrian through the crowd, having found self-respect and love.
What is the Elixir?
Think about what your protagonist is carrying back that the Ordinary World needs.
Who is your protagonist now?
What would they say to the person they were at the start of the story?
How does the return answer the question the story's been asking?
And does it leave anything deliberately open?
What is the final image?
What do you want readers to carry away from it?
Has this beat moved your protagonist further from who they were at the start of the journey?
How? What have they left behind?
Has this beat brought your protagonist closer to who they need to become to end the journey?
How? What are they learning?
The journey is complete!
Go back to your opening beat. Does the ending answer what the beginning promised?
Template preview
New character...
Write a description here...
Nickname
Ex. Pat
Gender
Ex. Woman
Age
Ex. 28
Height
Ex. 5'10"
Place of birth
Ex. @City
Nationality
Ex. Greenland
Occupation
Ex. Librarian
What stands out most about their overall appearance?
Describe them as if you caught sight of them across an open field.
How would you describe their natural build and frame?
Describe their build as though you were tailoring a suit or dress for them.
What qualities of their face make them memorable?
Focus on what people recall: eyes, mouth, smile, etc.
How do they move?
Think gait, gestures, etc. Does it change when they're unguarded and when they're observed?
What is their default facial expression?
Fill in the blank: They have a resting _____ face.
What is notable about their posture and the way they carry themselves?
E.g., is it slouchy, relaxed, military-stiff, etc.? How does it differ when they walk, sit, etc.?
How do age and experience show in their body?
Compare and contrast a photograph of them at age 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40.
How would you sum up their overall style?
Show someone forming a first impression based on their outfit.
What is their signature or preferred outfit?
How does it reflect their personality? Think colors, cuts, fabrics, etc.?
What are their signature accesories?
Think glasses, canes, pipes, necklaces, etc.? How do their accessories reveal taste, personality, or status?
How does their style change with the seasons?
Consider a staple item for each season.
How do other characters react to their style?
Consider contrasting views from friends versus strangers.
What are their distinguishing mannerisms?
Think expressions, movements, speech "tics," etc.? Look for small actions that repeat no matter the setting.
How would you describe the sound of their voice?
Think accent, pitch, tone, rhythm, etc.? How does it complement or contrast with their build?
What is their style of speech?
E.g., elevated, educated, peppered with slang, etc.? How does vocabulary reveal education, background, personality, etc.?
What is their sense of humor like?
Write out a joke they would tell or a situation they'd find funny.
What is their favorite...
Curse word? Catchphrase? Quote?
Where were they born and raised?
How do they talk about their hometown when asked?
What kind of family were they born into?
Think culture, values, internal dynamics, etc.?
What education did they receive?
How did it affect them? Write a report card for them at the ages of 5, 10, and 15.
What is their earliest memory?
Why do they remember it?
How did their childhood shape them?
E.g., did it set them on their current path in any certain ways?
Who are their immediate family members?
What is their relationship with them?
Who counts as chosen family?
Think friends, mentors, etc.?
Who is their significant other?
How does this affect the decisions they currently make?
Who is their rival or enemy?
What caused the tension?
Who do they think about nowadays in the past tense?
Why aren't they in this character's vicinity anymore?
What kind of a person are they?
E.g., consider the qualities that others name first when describing them.
How might their personality be categorized?
Think Myers-Briggs, Enneagram, extrovert vs. introvert, etc.?
What are their greatest strengths?
Think of skills or virtues others rely on?
What are their deepest weaknesses and blind spots?
Including what they may even refuse to admit to themselves. How do these flaws create tension in their life?
What are their...
Pet peeves? Hobbies? Routines?
How do they approach...
Love? Power? Risk? Conflict? Change?
What compliment do they get the most?
And what insult or criticism stings the most? Why?
What is their idea of perfect happiness?
List their bucket list at the age of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50.
What are their emotional triggers?
And why are they triggered by it? Draft a therapist’s case note cataloging the triggers they'd observe.
What is their worldview?
E.g., “People are basically good,” “Survival comes first,” “Everything comes with a price,” etc. Are these beliefs ever challenged?
What do they value above all else?
Name the first thing they would rescue from their burning home. What if they could save three things? Five?
What do they most want to change about themselves?
Have they tried to change it before?
What secrets do they keep?
What are they most afraid of people finding out? And what would change if the secret were exposed?
What inner conflict defines them?
For instance, duty vs. freedom, loyalty vs. ambition, etc. How does this conflict surface in their daily choices?
How do they want to be remembered?
What would they want their tombstone to say?
What is their greatest goal?
And how might it change throughout the course of your story?
What is their greatest fear?
How does this fear guide their choices and relationships?
What is their biggest regret?
How does this regret shape how they live now?
What drives them?
Is it unconditional?
What is their greatest desire?
And what lessons do they need to learn before they can succeed in achieving it?
Put it all together now.
Given everything you've developed about their life, goals, relationships, and beliefs, write a summary of your character's arc from beginning to end of your novel that depicts their growth and change.
New supporting character...
Write a description here...
Nickname
Ex. ‘Headless’ Bill
Gender
Ex. Male
Age
Ex. 24
Height
Ex. 6’5”
Place of birth
Ex. @City
Occupation
Ex. Unemployed
Role
Ex. The protagonist’s drug dealer
What do they look like?
Describe them as seen by a stranger in one quick glance.
What do they sound like?
Describe them as heard by a stranger in one quick glance.
What first impression does their appearance give?
Is it correct or not?
What is their signature or preferred outfit?
How does it reflect their personality? Think colors, cuts, fabrics, etc.?
What are their signature accesories?
Think glasses, canes, pipes, necklaces, etc.? How do their accessories reveal taste, personality, or status?
What is their typical speaking style?
E.g., crisp and formal, fast and excitable, slow with deliberate pauses, etc.?
What gestures or habits reveal who they are?
What mannerisms might signal their role as a mentor, rival, comic relief, etc. to the reader?
What is their favorite...
Curse word? Catchphrase? Quote?
What is their sense of humor like?
Write out a joke they would tell or a situation they'd find funny.
What are their defining personality traits?
How does it compare and contrast with the protagonist?
What is their biggest goal or ambition?
How does it relate to the protagonist's journey or growth?
What drives them?
And what belief guides their choices? What personal stake keeps them connected to the plot?
What are their strengths?
And what does it bring to the story or the protagonist? How might it affect the course of the story?
What are their weaknesses?
How does it complicate the storyline, if at all? Think friction, plot twists, etc.?
What skills, talents, or powers do they possess?
How does it impact the protagonist or the story?
How would the story change significantly if they were removed?
Would it create any plotholes?
What early experience most defines who they are now?
Why is that?
Who are the people who matter most to them?
And does that impact their relationship to the protagonist at all?
What is their relationship to the protagonist?
How do they support or challenge the protagonist, particularly when it comes to their growth?
What do they value most in a friendship?
And what do they bring to a friendship?
What role do they play within their family or closest circle?
And is it the same role they play within the story itself?
Put it all together now.
Given everything that you've developed about their life, relationships, and goals, write a summary of the supporting character's journey: their impact on the protagonist's arc and their own before-and-after in the story.
Template preview
New location...
Write a description here...
Location
Ex. @City
Type
Ex. Building, bridge, ruins, etc.
Size
Ex. 500 km²
What is the location’s primary function or role?
Think residence, business, sanctuary, crime hub, military stronghold, etc.? In what ways might this purpose shift if the world around it changes?
What makes this location distinct from all others?
Think scale, symbolic meaning, etc.?
What do locals say about the place?
How might their opinion differ from outsiders’ impressions?
What unspoken rules govern behavior here?
Consider customs, taboos, laws, etc. How do those rules shift depending on who is present?
What role does it play in the larger world?
How might losing this place change the balance of power?
What does the location look like?
What is the first thing visitors notice when entering the location?
What is the general layout?
Is it linear, circular, sprawling, vertical, etc.?
What are the key areas or zones within the location?
In terms of districts, rooms, sectors, etc.?
What sensory details define it?
What do people hear, smell, touch, or taste here?
How do travelers typically navigate the area?
Think maps, guides, landmarks, etc.?
Where is the landmark located?
How do people reach it, and how difficult is the journey?
How does the location interact with or rely on its natural surroundings?
What are its boundaries?
What is the climate of the location?
Consider temperature, rainfall, seasonal changes, etc.
What secrets are hidden within it?
E.g., underground caverns, rare or valuable resources, etc.?
Who inhabits this place, either temporarily or permanently?
How do their lives reflect the location’s function?
Who holds official power here?
How stable or contested is their authority?
Who holds unofficial power here?
How might their influence rival or undermine official rule?
Who benefits most from this place’s existence?
And who suffers because of it?
What unifies people here?
Conversely, what divides them?
When and why did this location come into being?
How might its origin affect how it is used now?
What famous historical figures are associated with it?
Why? And what happened to them?
What major historical events are tied to it?
How do different groups or eras tell the story differently?
How has its reputation changed over time?
And how might different eras use it for different purposes?
How is its story preserved?
Consider legends, rumors, mysteries, folklore, etc. How might conflicting versions of its past shape its identity?
New landmark...
Write a description here...
Location
Ex. @City
Type
Ex. Building, bridge, ruins, etc.
What does the landmark look like?
What makes it distinctive in terms of shape? Color? Textures?
How has the appearance of the landmark changed over time?
Describe the landmark in three different centuries.
What can you hear around the landmark?
How does the time of day or season change what you hear?
What does it smell like?
Describe a memory triggered by the landmark’s scent.
How does it feel?
Think temperatures, textures, etc.?
Who discovered or built the landmark?
When, and why? What stories surround its origin?
What purpose did it originally serve?
How has its meaning shifted across eras?
What major historical events might be tied to it?
E.g., wars, treaties, discoveries, etc.?
How do locals vs. outsiders tell its story differently?
How do biases shape each version?
How is the landmark used today?
E.g., is it now a tourist attraction, abandoned, repurposed, etc.?
How is it used in politics or propaganda?
How does its image appear in speeches, posters, currency, etc.?
What economic value does it provide?
Or is it purely symbolic?
How do foreign cultures perceive it?
Describe a foreign artist creating a painting based on rumor alone.
What role does it play in the future?
How might its meaning shift for future generations?
New locale...
Write a description here...
Location
Ex. @Country
Type
Ex. Outpost, town, village, tavern, etc.
Population
Ex. 50
Size
Ex. 200 km²
People of interest
Ex. @Character
What was this locale originally created or used for?
Think residence, business, sanctuary, crime hub, military stronghold, etc.?
What is its primary role today?
Has it stayed true to its origins, or been repurposed over time?
What activities or events commonly take place here?
Describe a typical day from dawn to dusk in this locale.
What rules, traditions, or customs must be followed here?
Compose a hand-lettered “house rules” sign posted at the entrance, if applicable.
What kinds of people visit, and why?
Think nobles, pilgrims, merchants, criminals, adventurers, etc.?
What is the most valuable thing here?
Or the most worthless?
Where is this locale located?
How do travelers reach it?
What natural surroundings frame the locale?
E.g., mountains, rivers, forests, etc.?
What is the first impression a traveler has when approaching it?
And what scents, sounds, and textures define the locale?
What details give the locale its unique identity?
E.g., in terms of architecture, mood, physical details, people, etc.?
Who built or established this place?
And for what reason?
How has the place changed over time?
E.g., has it been rebuilt, expanded, defaced, restored, etc.?
What rumors, myths, or ghost stories are tied to this locale?
How do these tales explain strange sights or sounds?
What future reputation might the place be heading toward?
How do current events hint at it?
How do outsiders and locals perceive this place?
How do first impressions differ from long-term experience? Write a dialogue between a newcomer and a lifelong resident comparing opinions.
Who owns or controls this locale?
How is authority established?
Who uses or visits this place most often?
Are there any natural barriers that border the city?
What are the typical social classes or groups found in this location?
Are there any relationships or rivalries exist between people tied to this locale?
What are the local customs, taboos, or etiquette rules?
Think greetings, dress codes, gestures, etc.? Describe a newcomer’s first lesson in proper behavior.
What stereotypes do outsiders hold about the locals here?
How do these stereotypes arise?
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