Since the dawn of time, the sky, the stars, the Sun, the Moon and planetary motions marked the seasons and important events for mankind in relation to agriculture, celebrations, rituals and for geolocation. Such records having a relation with astronomical observations are found in various regions of the globe, either in archaeological sites, temples, or by such written forms. For instance, the Stone Age is referring to a prehistoric time, in which ancestors built monuments out of large stones. The Stonehenge, a Neolithic site of about 3,000 BC in Wiltshire, England consists of such stones disposed on the floor, which are aligned in the direction of the sunrise of the summer solstice and the sunset of the winter solstice. The lack of written records from that epoch is what makes archeoastronomy the science of stars and stones, see [5]. As an example, the precession of the Earth’s axis is completing over cyclical patterns of different time scales affecting images of the sky in the past. This was in winter 1863-64, when Lord Kelvin was lecturing at the Glasgow University that he estimated an age of Earth of a hundred million years from a model built on the geothermal gradient and thermal diffusivity of Earth’s crust [2]. While Kelvin estimate was away from the 6,000 years in the Bible, the latter remains the consensus for the time scale of early mankind civilisations uncovered by archaeological records, as part of the Holocene period. The mineral age of Earth itself is about 4.53 billion years, from radioactive decay of isotopes in zircon and similar techniques applied to remnant fossils such as cyanobacteria and stromatolites of the Archean, e.g. [13]. Nonetheless, archeoastronomy is part of some common heritage, reminding us of the short time scale of post-modern dynasties relative to Earth. The aim of the present text is to provide some context in relation to scientific works in the field of astronomy and related topics through narrations taking place in a range of civilisations, periods and regions such as the Mayan in South America, Indian, Chinese, Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Greek, Islamic, medieval and septentrional, of the Middle Ages and Renaissance.